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23rd
August 1965
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Death
of Mustafa Al-Nahas
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The
prominent Egyptian politician Mustafa Al-Nahas was
born in 1867. He occupied a number of important political
posts in Egypt and participated in the national movement
of 1919. In 1921, he was exiled along with Sa'ad Zaghloul
to the Seychelles.
In
1927, after the death of Zahgloul, Al-Nahas was elected
leader of the Wafd Party. During his political career,
Al-Nahas presided over five governments, during which
he carried out negotiations with Henderson, setting
the basis for the convention of the 1936 Treaty. During
his fourth government, he initiated consultations
about the establishment of the Arab League, which
resulted in the signing of the Alexandria protocol.
Al-Nahas
was subject to an assassination attempt on 28 November
1937. The investigation carried out by opposition
ministers exposed him to harsh criticism. He retired
after the July Revolution.
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26th
August 1936
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| The
1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty |
The
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was signed on 26 August 1936
between the Egyptian and British governments. The
treaty was preceded by several internal disturbances
as a result of the constitution not being applied
and the attempts of Nessim Pasha to form a military
alliance with the British government.
Britain
was incited by the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and
the consequent threat to its interests in East Africa.
Accordingly, a national front representing all Egyptian
parties was formed on 15 December. The 1923 constitution
was then reinstated and, in January 1936, free elections
took place, leading to the formation of a new Wafdist
government.
Negotiations were initiated on 2 March 1936 and continued
till August 1936. According to the treaty, British
military occupation of Egypt came to an end, on the
basis that no party would ever engage in an alliance
with a foreign party against the other. The treaty
stipulated the right of Britain to use Egypt's airports,
seaports and roads in case of any war in which Britain
was engaged. The treaty also gave British troops the
right to remain in the Canal Zone.
The
evacuation of the Canal Zone remained an important
issue for Egyptians, especially after the second world
war. When ad hoc negotiations failed in 1946, Egypt
submitted the case before the Security Council, which
referred the issue once more to the disputing parties.
The treaty was cancelled on 8 October 1951 after the
failure of negotiations on the evacuation of the Canal
Zone and unity with Sudan. The cancellation of the
treaty led to what is known as the Canal War. |
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27th
August 1927
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Death
of Sa'ad Zaghloul
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The
charismatic Egyptian leader Sa'ad Zaghloul was born
in 1857 in the Gharbiya governorate. After studying
law in France, he returned to Egypt, where he showed
great devotion to Mohammed Abdo's approach to social
and political reform. His political career progressed
and he was appointed minister of education in 1907
and minister of law in 1910.
In
1918, he joined two colleagues, Ali Sha'rawi and Abdel-Aziz
Fahmi, in calling for the submission of the Egyptian
case before the British government. When President
Wilson of the United States issued his famous statement
of civil and political rights, Zaghloul decided to
represent his country's case in Versailles. Zaghloul
and his colleagues issued a statement to this effect
signed by thousands of Egyptians, forming Al-Wafd
(the delegation), which represented the Egyptian will.
This act of patriotism incited national emotions and
was the true springboard for the national movement
known as the 1919 Revolution.
Zaghloul
was exiled twice: in 1919 to Malta, and from 1921
to 1923 to the Seychelles. He returned from exile
to form the Wafd Party and the first parliamentary
government based on the 1923 constitution. He headed
the parliament from 1926 to 1927, the year in which
he died.
In
commemoration, a mausoleum was established for him
facing his old residence. Zaghloul's house, known
as the "house of the nation," was turned
into a national museum. |
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29th
August 1984
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Death
of Muhammed Naguib
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Egypt's
first president, Mohammed Naguib, was born in Sudan
in 1900. He graduated from the faculty of law in 1927
and completed his postgraduate studies in the field
of economy. He progressed through various military
posts and in December 1951 was elected president of
the Officers' Club against the royal will.
On
23 July 1952, Naguib announced the first revolution
statement, and on 26 July he warned the king and asked
him to abdicate the throne. On 9 December 1952, Naguib
formed his first government and in June of the following
year he was elected as the first president of the
Arab Republic of Egypt.
Naguib,
however, was always in a clandestine conflict with
Gamal Abdel-Nasser, a matter that urged him in 1954
to resign for three days. On 17 April 1954, he conceded
his position as president to Nasser and retired completely
in November of that year.
Among
his writings are Destiny of Egypt and My
Word for History.
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